Western, Asian, and middle eastern societies’ cultural attitudes and barriers impacting the management of sexual health care

This chapter consolidates research on cultural beliefs and attitudes that serve as barriers to the management of sexual healthcare among Western, Asian, and Middle Eastern practicing physicians in the USA. The chapter first reviews evidence from the research literature to demonstrate how physicians from these populations have viewed and experienced various cultural challenges, particularly since discussion of sexuality is considered taboo within their cultures. Second, it presents data from two research studies, conducted on Iranian-American women and physicians, on issues related to sexuality and sexual healthcare management. Third, using case studies of two physicians and two women, it highlights some of the current issues of these participants, described by their narratives regarding culture, medical practice, and training. These factors, as well as life experiences, have shaped their perceptions and attitudes toward sexuality and sexual health. Lastly, we offer recommendations for physicians coming from, and working with, sub-populations within larger cultural systems. These recommendations proactively provide effective sexual healthcare services, including the use of sexual history taking, as part of their patient’s routine checkups.