TY - CHAP
T1 - Valproic Acid Pretreatment Reduces Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury.
AU - Huang, Lei
AU - Woo, Wendy
AU - Sherchan, Prativa
AU - Khatibi, Nikan H.
AU - Krafft, Paul
AU - Rolland, William
AU - Applegate, Richard L.
AU - Martin, Robert D.
AU - Zhang, John
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is partially supported by grants from National Institute of Health (NIH) NS081740, NS043338 to J. Zhang.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - Surgically induced brain injury (SBI) results in brain edema and neurological decline. Valproic acid (VA) has been shown to be neuroprotective in several experimental brain diseases. In this study, we investigated the pretreatment effect of VA in a rat model of SBI. A total of 57 male Sprague-Dawley rats were use in four groups: sham, SBI + vehicle, SBI + low dose (100 mg/kg) VA, and SBI + high dose (300 mg/kg) VA. SBI was induced by partially resecting right frontal lobes. Shams underwent identical surgical procedures without brain resection. VA or vehicle was administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to SBI. At 24 and 72 h post SBI, neurobehavior and brain water content were assessed as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities. There was significantly higher brain water content within the right frontal lobe in SBI rats than in shams. Without neurobehavioral improvements, the low-dose but not high-dose VA significantly reduced brain edema at 24 h post SBI. The protection tends to persist to 72 h post SBI. At 24 h post SBI, low-dose VA did not significantly reduce the elevated MMP-9 activity associated with SBI. In conclusion, VA pretreatment attenuated brain edema at 24 h after SBI but lacked MMP inhibition. The single dose VA was not associated with neurobehavioral benefits.
AB - Surgically induced brain injury (SBI) results in brain edema and neurological decline. Valproic acid (VA) has been shown to be neuroprotective in several experimental brain diseases. In this study, we investigated the pretreatment effect of VA in a rat model of SBI. A total of 57 male Sprague-Dawley rats were use in four groups: sham, SBI + vehicle, SBI + low dose (100 mg/kg) VA, and SBI + high dose (300 mg/kg) VA. SBI was induced by partially resecting right frontal lobes. Shams underwent identical surgical procedures without brain resection. VA or vehicle was administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to SBI. At 24 and 72 h post SBI, neurobehavior and brain water content were assessed as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities. There was significantly higher brain water content within the right frontal lobe in SBI rats than in shams. Without neurobehavioral improvements, the low-dose but not high-dose VA significantly reduced brain edema at 24 h post SBI. The protection tends to persist to 72 h post SBI. At 24 h post SBI, low-dose VA did not significantly reduce the elevated MMP-9 activity associated with SBI. In conclusion, VA pretreatment attenuated brain edema at 24 h after SBI but lacked MMP inhibition. The single dose VA was not associated with neurobehavioral benefits.
KW - Rats
KW - Frontal Lobe/surgery
KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
KW - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
KW - Brain Injuries/complications
KW - Brain/drug effects
KW - Neurosurgical Procedures
KW - Brain Edema/etiology
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/drug effects
KW - Animals
KW - Intraoperative Complications
KW - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
KW - Valproic Acid/pharmacology
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/drug effects
KW - Disease Models, Animal
UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_53
UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-18497-5_53.pdf
UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26463966
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/128e5238-b7d4-3e5b-a8ee-f4812e13edeb/
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_53
DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_53
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 26463966
SN - 978-3-319-18496-8
SN - 978-3-319-36532-9
T3 - Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum
SP - 305
EP - 310
BT - Brain Edema XVI
PB - Springer Cham
ER -