The relationship of articular eminence and mandibular fossa morphology to facial profile and gender determined by cone beam computed tomography

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the morphology of the articular eminence and mandibular fossa to facial profile and sex by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Study Design: CBCT examinations of 76 patients were conducted, and the patients were classified according to facial profile as dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, or brachycephalic. The inclination and height of the articular eminence and the inclination of the mandibular fossa of 152 temporomandibular joints were measured. Comparisons between these measurements and facial profile and gender were performed by 2-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test. Significance was established at α = 0.05. Results: Males with brachycephaly presented significantly greater values of eminence inclination compared with those with other facial types and greater values than patients with dolichocephaly for the measurements of eminence height and inclination of the fossa posterior wall (P ≤ .05). Females with brachycephaly presented significantly greater eminence height values compared with those with other facial profiles (P ≤ .05). No significant differences were observed between males and females. Conclusions: The morphology of the articular eminence and the mandibular fossa is associated with facial profile, with males with brachycephaly showing greater inclination of the eminence and mandibular fossa. Articular eminence height in brachycephaly was greater in both sexes.