TY - JOUR
T1 - Suppression and enhancement of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions by interference tones above f2. I. Basic findings in rabbits
AU - Martin, Glen K.
AU - Stagner, Barden B.
AU - Jassir, David
AU - Telischi, Fred F.
AU - Lonsbury-Martin, Brenda L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by funds from both the Public Health Service (DC00313, DC03114) and the University of Miami Chandler Chair. The authors thank Paul F. Fahey PhD for the suggestions and computations regarding the proposed role of even-order nonlinearities. The suggestions of two anonymous reviewers and the secretarial assistance of Mayte Ruiz are also gratefully acknowledged.
PY - 1999/10
Y1 - 1999/10
N2 - The present study measured interference-response areas (IRAs) for distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at 2f1-f2, 3f1-2f2, and 2f2-f1. The IRAs were obtained in either awake or anesthetized rabbits, or in anesthetized guinea pigs and mice, by sweeping the frequencies and levels of an interference tone (IT) around a set of f1 and f2 primary tones, at several fixed frequencies and levels, while plotting the effects of the IT on DPOAE level. An unexpected outcome was the occurrence of regions of suppression and/or enhancement of DPOAE level when the IT was at a frequency slightly less than to more than an octave above f2. The IRA of the 2f1-f2 DPOAE typically displayed a high-frequency (HF) lobe of suppression, while the 2f2-f1 emission often exhibited considerable amounts of enhancement. Moreover, for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE, when enhancement was absent, its IRA usually tuned to a region above f2. Whether or not suppression/enhancement was observed depended upon primary-tone level and frequency separation, as well as on the relative levels of the two primaries. Various physiological manipulations involving anesthesia, eighth-nerve section, diuretic administration, or pure-tone overstimulation showed that these phenomena were of cochlear origin, and were not dependent upon the acoustic reflex or cochlear-efferent activity. The aftereffects of applying diuretics or over-exposures revealed that suppression/enhancement required the presence of sensitive, low-level DPOAE-generator sources. Additionally, suppression/enhancement were general effects in that, in addition to rabbits, they were also observed in mice and guinea pigs. Further, corresponding plots of DPOAE phase often revealed areas of differing phase change in the vicinity of the primary tones as compared to regions above f2. These findings, along with the effects of tonal exposures designed to fatigue regions above f2, and instances in which DPOAE level was dependent upon the amount of suppression/enhancement, suggested that the interactions of two DPOAE-generator sources contributed, in some manner, to these phenomena. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - The present study measured interference-response areas (IRAs) for distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at 2f1-f2, 3f1-2f2, and 2f2-f1. The IRAs were obtained in either awake or anesthetized rabbits, or in anesthetized guinea pigs and mice, by sweeping the frequencies and levels of an interference tone (IT) around a set of f1 and f2 primary tones, at several fixed frequencies and levels, while plotting the effects of the IT on DPOAE level. An unexpected outcome was the occurrence of regions of suppression and/or enhancement of DPOAE level when the IT was at a frequency slightly less than to more than an octave above f2. The IRA of the 2f1-f2 DPOAE typically displayed a high-frequency (HF) lobe of suppression, while the 2f2-f1 emission often exhibited considerable amounts of enhancement. Moreover, for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE, when enhancement was absent, its IRA usually tuned to a region above f2. Whether or not suppression/enhancement was observed depended upon primary-tone level and frequency separation, as well as on the relative levels of the two primaries. Various physiological manipulations involving anesthesia, eighth-nerve section, diuretic administration, or pure-tone overstimulation showed that these phenomena were of cochlear origin, and were not dependent upon the acoustic reflex or cochlear-efferent activity. The aftereffects of applying diuretics or over-exposures revealed that suppression/enhancement required the presence of sensitive, low-level DPOAE-generator sources. Additionally, suppression/enhancement were general effects in that, in addition to rabbits, they were also observed in mice and guinea pigs. Further, corresponding plots of DPOAE phase often revealed areas of differing phase change in the vicinity of the primary tones as compared to regions above f2. These findings, along with the effects of tonal exposures designed to fatigue regions above f2, and instances in which DPOAE level was dependent upon the amount of suppression/enhancement, suggested that the interactions of two DPOAE-generator sources contributed, in some manner, to these phenomena. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Distortion-product otoacoustic emission
KW - Enhancement
KW - Interference response area
KW - Suppression
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0032820298
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0032820298#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00119-7
DO - 10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00119-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 10511630
SN - 0378-5955
VL - 136
SP - 105
EP - 123
JO - Hearing Research
JF - Hearing Research
IS - 1-2
ER -