TY - JOUR
T1 - Retinal safety evaluation of two-photon laser scanning in rats
AU - Jayabalan, Gopal Swamy
AU - Bille, Josef F.
AU - Mao, Xiao Wen
AU - Gimbel, Howard V.
AU - Rauser, Michael E.
AU - Wenz, Frederik
AU - Fan, Joseph T.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement.
PY - 2019/7
Y1 - 2019/7
N2 - Safe use of retinal imaging with two-photon excitation in human eyes is crucial, as the effects of ultrashort pulsed lasers on the retina are relatively unknown. At the time of the study, the laser safety standards were inadequate due to the lack of biological data. This article addresses the feasibility of two-photon retinal imaging with respect to laser safety. In this study, rat retinas were evaluated at various laser exposure levels and with different laser parameters to determine the effects of laser-induced optical damage. The results were experimentally verified using confocal reflectance imaging, two-photon fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry, and correlated to the IEC 60825-1 laser safety standard.
AB - Safe use of retinal imaging with two-photon excitation in human eyes is crucial, as the effects of ultrashort pulsed lasers on the retina are relatively unknown. At the time of the study, the laser safety standards were inadequate due to the lack of biological data. This article addresses the feasibility of two-photon retinal imaging with respect to laser safety. In this study, rat retinas were evaluated at various laser exposure levels and with different laser parameters to determine the effects of laser-induced optical damage. The results were experimentally verified using confocal reflectance imaging, two-photon fluorescein angiography, immunohistochemistry, and correlated to the IEC 60825-1 laser safety standard.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069829995&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069829995&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1364/BOE.10.003217
DO - 10.1364/BOE.10.003217
M3 - Article
SN - 2156-7085
VL - 10
SP - 3217
EP - 3231
JO - Biomedical Optics Express
JF - Biomedical Optics Express
IS - 7
M1 - 365470
ER -