Postnatal development of cell columns and their associated dendritic bundles in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat. I. The ventrolateral cell column

The postnatal development of the ventrolateral dendrite bundle (LDB) in the rat lumbosacral cord was studied quantitatively with Golgi-Cox impregnation. At birth, motoneuronal perikarya and their dendrites were not fully developed, and had not begun to form bundles; varicose dendritic shafts radiated symmetrically from motoneurons. Dendrites contained numerous spines and growth cones. At 5 days, dendritic shafts began to arrange themselves longitudinally, and by 10 days of age, dendrite bundling was apparent. Dendritic growth and bundling appeared complete by two months of age. LDB formation was a dynamic process; rapid dendritic growth occurred in discrete phases with brief intervals of slower dendritic development between them. The mean number of secondary and tertiary dendrites, and the mean branch length of all orders progressively increased. Motoneurons of the LDB primarily innervate the pelvic musculature. Selective horizontal orientation of dendrites into discrete compact bundles suggests that the LDB may serve as a specialized receiving and integrating system for autonomic control over excretory and reproductive functions. It is interesting to note that in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motoneurons in the LDB are resistant to destruction. This finding suggests that motoneurons in the LDB may express unique features that protect them from certain disease processes. A better understanding of the developmental anatomical, physiological and biochemical properties of the LDB may provide insight into the treatment of patients with disease processes involving spinal cord and brainstem lower motoneurons.