Mandibular regional anatomical landmarks and clinical implications for ridge augmentation

Mandibular ridge augmentation via guided bone regeneration in the atrophic mandible is considered one of the most challenging scenarios for implantsupported oral rehabilitation. Uneventful wound healing has clearly demonstrated its impact on the final regenerative outcome. Soft tissue management must be precise and adequate to attain flap-free wound closure. Accordingly, it demands exhaustive insight and expertise to avoid damaging the neighboring structures. The cadaver study described herein discusses the mandibular morphologic landmarks (ie, musculature, vascularization, innervation, and salivary glands) necessary to safely perform regenerative procedures in the atrophic mandibular ridge, such as vertical ridge augmentation and dental implant surgery. The potential intraoperative complications are presented, as well as clinical implications of which the clinician must be aware to prevent adverse surgical events during regenerative surgery and implant placement in this anatomical region.