Laparoscopicexcision of pelvic kidney with single vaginal ectopic ureter

An ectopic vaginal ureter is an uncommon cause of urinary incontinence. Most cases are associated with a duplex kidney where the orthotopic lower moiety ureter enters the bladder. The authors present a case of chronic, continuous low-grade urinary incontinence caused by the rare combination of a pelvic kidney and a single ectopic ureter draining into the vagina. This ectopic kidney was successfully removed laparoscopically. A review of the English-language literature showed this to be only the second reported case treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy.