TY - JOUR
T1 - Cotinine levels among betel quid users and cigarette smokers in Cambodia.
AU - Singh, Pramil N.
AU - Natto, Zuhair
AU - Saxena, Rituraj
AU - Banerjee, Hiya
AU - Yel, Daravuth
AU - Khieng, Sothy
AU - Job, Jayakaran S.
N1 - Asia Pac J Public Health. 2013 Sep;25(5 Suppl):84S-91S. doi: 10.1177/1010539513493459. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Smokeless tobacco use in the form of the betel quid is common in the Western Pacific Region, and yet few studies have determined the nicotine delivery of this habit. During a validation substudy, we randomly sampled 201 adults from a rural province of Cambodia and determined nonparametric (bootstrapped) confidence intervals (CIs) for salivary cotinine levels in tobacco users. We found that cotinine levels for daily betel quid use among women (95% CI = 218.6-350.0 ng/mL) were (1) similar to the levels for daily cigarette smoking in men (95% CI = 240.2-317.1 ng/mL) and (2) significantly higher than the levels for daily cigarette smoking in women (95% CI = 71.8-202.7 ng/mL). The 95% confidence range for these habits exceeded the threshold for addiction. Our findings from rural Cambodia indicate that the typical betel quid habit among women supports the same level of nicotine addiction as the typical cigarette habit in men.
AB - Smokeless tobacco use in the form of the betel quid is common in the Western Pacific Region, and yet few studies have determined the nicotine delivery of this habit. During a validation substudy, we randomly sampled 201 adults from a rural province of Cambodia and determined nonparametric (bootstrapped) confidence intervals (CIs) for salivary cotinine levels in tobacco users. We found that cotinine levels for daily betel quid use among women (95% CI = 218.6-350.0 ng/mL) were (1) similar to the levels for daily cigarette smoking in men (95% CI = 240.2-317.1 ng/mL) and (2) significantly higher than the levels for daily cigarette smoking in women (95% CI = 71.8-202.7 ng/mL). The 95% confidence range for these habits exceeded the threshold for addiction. Our findings from rural Cambodia indicate that the typical betel quid habit among women supports the same level of nicotine addiction as the typical cigarette habit in men.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84895854190&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84895854190&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/1010539513493459
DO - 10.1177/1010539513493459
M3 - Article
C2 - 24092815
SN - 1010-5395
VL - 25
SP - 84S-91S
JO - Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health
JF - Asia-Pacific journal of public health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health
IS - 5 Suppl
ER -