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Bubble Trouble: The Thermal Risk of Ureteral Laser Lithotripsy in an Air Bubble

  • Gabriel E. Martin
  • , Kallan Richards
  • , Daniel Jhang
  • , Adel Battikha
  • , Ninous Betdashtoo
  • , Jongwan Park
  • , Faith Ajayi
  • , Zhamshid Okhunov
  • , D. Duane Baldwin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Endourology
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 2026

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

  • Urology

Keywords

  • air bubble
  • holmium laser
  • laser lithotripsy
  • thermal injury
  • thulium fiber laser
  • ureteroscopy

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